Why Being Judgment Proof Is Not a Defense to a Lawsuit

By Talk About Debt Team
Reviewed by Ben Jackson
Last Updated: February 17, 2026
6 min read
The Bottom Line

Being judgment proof only temporarily blocks creditors from collecting on a judgment. It never serves as a legal defense to a lawsuit. You must still file a response and assert valid defenses like statute of limitations or demanding proof of debt to protect yourself long-term.

Respond to Your Lawsuit

Americans carry massive amounts of debt. Debt piles up when you miss credit card payments or default on loans. When this happens, creditors or debt collectors can sue you for the money.

You might be forced to pay in many cases. However, if you’re considered “judgment proof,” creditors may not be able to touch your income. But here’s the catch: being judgment proof is never a defense to a lawsuit.

Fight Your Debt Lawsuit With the Right Response

You have limited time to respond to your lawsuit. Our partner Solo helps you file the proper Answer with valid defenses that can actually dismiss your case.

Answer Your Lawsuit Now

What Does Being Judgment Proof Mean?

After a creditor wins a debt lawsuit, they obtain a judgment against you. You are “judgment proof” when you have little to no income. You likely have minimal money in the bank and few assets creditors could seize.

Being judgment proof means creditors cannot garnish your wages. Your lack of assets, personal property, or savings protects you from collection. But here’s what matters: judgment proof status doesn’t shield you from the judgment itself. It simply blocks creditors from collecting on it.

You can our partner Solo to file the right response and protect yourself in court.

How to Determine If You’re Judgment Proof

You might be judgment proof if these factors apply to you:

  • Your debt is unsecured
  • You earn very little income
  • Your financial situation won’t likely improve soon
  • Your income is protected from garnishment
  • State exemptions protect all your property
  • You’re currently unemployed
  • You own no valuable assets

Protected Income Sources That Creditors Cannot Touch

Creditors typically garnish wages by taking a percentage of your paycheck. Federal law caps this at 25% of disposable earnings. Some states offer even stronger protections.

But if your income is exempt from seizure, creditors cannot garnish anything at all.

Creditors cannot satisfy your debt from these income sources:

  • Unemployment benefits
  • Public assistance programs
  • Personal property
  • Social Security payments
  • Veteran’s benefits
  • Child support payments
  • Federal employee income
  • Civil service retirement benefits

Being judgment proof might feel like protection. But it’s temporary, not permanent. You must still respond to every debt lawsuit filed against you.

Your financial situation can change. If you start earning more or find employment, creditors can pursue collection again. The judgment stays active, waiting for your situation to improve.

Judgment proof status only pauses collection efforts. The judgment itself remains on your record. Judgments can stay valid for up to 20 years in some states!

You need real legal defenses instead. Valid defenses can actually dismiss your case.

You have several defense options stronger than judgment proof status.

Demand Proof of Debt

Request proof of the original debt. Creditors must show documentation linking you to the debt. If they cannot provide proper verification, the court may dismiss the case.

Check the Statute of Limitations

Each state sets time limits for debt collection lawsuits. If the statute of limitations expired, you can have the debt dismissed entirely.

Challenge Ownership of the Debt

Debt collectors must prove they own the debt. Many cannot provide proper chain of ownership documentation. Without this proof, you can win dismissal.

Question the Amount

Creditors often inflate debt amounts with fees and interest. Challenge any amounts that seem incorrect or inflated beyond what you actually owed.

our partner Solo helps you respond to debt lawsuits with the right defenses.

The Serious Consequences of Ignoring a Lawsuit

Never ignore a debt lawsuit, even if you’re judgment proof. Ignoring lawsuits leads to default judgments. Default judgments give creditors maximum power over your finances.

With a default judgment, creditors can:

  • Garnish your wages if your income changes
  • Place liens on property you acquire later
  • Freeze bank accounts when funds become available
  • Damage your credit score for seven years or more
  • Renew the judgment for additional years

You must file a written response within the deadline. Most states give you 20-30 days from receiving the summons.

Steps to Take When You’re Served

Take immediate action when you receive a lawsuit. Every day counts toward your filing deadline.

Read Everything Carefully

Review the complaint and summons thoroughly. Note the exact deadline for your response. Mark this date on multiple calendars.

Gather Your Documentation

Collect any records related to the debt. Bank statements, payment records, and correspondence all matter. Documentation strengthens your defense.

File Your Answer

Prepare and file a written Answer to the complaint. Your Answer responds to each allegation in the lawsuit. You must file this with the court and serve it on the opposing party.

Assert Your Defenses

Include all applicable defenses in your Answer. Assert the statute of limitations if it applies. Demand proof of the debt. Challenge improper service if it occurred.

How Judgments Affect Your Financial Future

Judgments create long-term financial problems. Understanding these consequences helps you take action now.

Credit Report Damage

Judgments tank your credit score significantly. They remain on your credit report for seven years. Poor credit makes renting apartments, getting loans, and finding jobs harder.

Property Liens

Creditors can place liens on property you own or acquire. These liens must be paid when you sell property. Home sales, car sales, and refinancing all trigger lien payments.

Bank Account Levies

Judgment creditors can freeze and seize money from bank accounts. One day your account works fine. The next day it’s frozen with zero access.

Wage Garnishment

When your income improves, creditors can garnish wages immediately. Up to 25% of each paycheck goes directly to the creditor. You lose control of your earnings.

When to Consider Settlement or Bankruptcy

Sometimes fighting the lawsuit isn’t your best option. Settlement or bankruptcy might provide better outcomes.

Negotiating a Settlement

Creditors often accept less than the full amount owed. Settlement negotiations can reduce your debt by 40-60%. Get any settlement agreement in writing before paying.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

Chapter 7 bankruptcy eliminates most unsecured debts completely. You can discharge credit card debt, medical bills, and personal loans. Most people complete Chapter 7 in three to six months.

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Chapter 13 creates a manageable repayment plan over three to five years. You keep your property while catching up on debts. Chapter 13 stops lawsuits, garnishments, and collection calls immediately.

You deserve a fresh financial start. Understanding your options empowers better decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does it mean to be judgment proof?

You're judgment proof when you have little income and few assets that creditors can legally seize. Your income sources are protected from garnishment, such as Social Security or unemployment benefits. Being judgment proof prevents collection but doesn't eliminate the judgment itself.

Can I use judgment proof status as a defense in court?

No, being judgment proof is not a legal defense to a lawsuit. You must still file a written response to the complaint and assert valid defenses. Judgment proof status only affects collection after a judgment, not the lawsuit itself.

How long does a judgment last if I'm judgment proof?

Judgments typically remain valid for 10-20 years depending on your state. Creditors can renew judgments in many states, extending them even longer. If your financial situation improves during this time, creditors can immediately pursue collection through wage garnishment or bank levies.

What income sources are protected from judgment creditors?

Protected income includes Social Security benefits, unemployment compensation, veteran's benefits, child support, public assistance, federal employee income, and civil service retirement. Creditors cannot garnish these sources to satisfy a judgment. State exemptions may protect additional income types.

What should I do if I'm served with a debt lawsuit?

File a written Answer within the deadline stated in your summons, typically 20-30 days. Assert all applicable defenses such as statute of limitations or lack of proof. Never ignore the lawsuit, even if you believe you're judgment proof, as this results in an automatic default judgment against you.