EIN vs. TIN vs. ITIN: Key Differences Explained for Taxpayers
TIN is an umbrella term covering all taxpayer identification numbers issued by the IRS and SSA. EINs identify business entities for tax purposes, while ITINs serve individuals who cannot obtain Social Security numbers. Choose the right tax ID based on whether you're filing as a business or individual.
Build Your CreditTaxpayer identification numbers help you comply with IRS requirements. Each type serves a distinct purpose. Understanding the differences helps you choose the right one.
Overview: EIN vs. TIN vs. ITIN
Three main tax ID types exist. Each one identifies different taxpayers.
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Rebuild Credit Now- TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number): An umbrella term covering all tax IDs. Includes SSNs, EINs, and ITINs issued by the IRS or SSA.
- EIN (Employer Identification Number): A business tax ID for corporations, LLCs, estates, and trusts. Used for payroll, tax filings, and business accounts.
- ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number): A personal tax ID for individuals without SSN eligibility. Commonly used by undocumented immigrants and foreign nationals.
What Is a TIN?
A Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) identifies taxpayers in the U.S. tax system. The IRS or Social Security Administration issues your TIN.
You use your TIN on tax returns and tax statements. Several TIN types exist, each serving different purposes.
What Is an Employer Identification Number (EIN)?
An EIN is a nine-digit business identifier. The IRS uses it to track business entities like corporations and LLCs.
EINs are also called federal tax identification numbers. You need one for Form 1041 to report income from estates and trusts. Most banks require an EIN to open business accounts.
The key difference: EINs identify businesses, while TINs identify individuals.
How Do I Get an EIN?
Four methods exist to obtain your employer identification number.
Option 1: Apply for an EIN Online
The fastest method is applying through the IRS website. You receive your number immediately after approval.
Online applications accept credit card payments. Your business must be located in the United States to qualify.
Option 2: Apply for an EIN by Mail
Download Form SS-4 from the IRS website. Complete it and mail it to the address listed for your state.
The IRS assigns your number and mails it back. Expect your EIN within four weeks.
Option 3: Apply for an EIN by Phone
International applicants benefit from phone applications. Call 1-267-941-1099 to obtain your EIN.
You must be authorized to receive the number for your entity. You need to answer questions about Form SS-4 information.
Business owners typically make this call themselves.
Option 4: Apply for an EIN by Fax
Fax your completed Form SS-4 to the IRS. Use the fax number listed for your state.
What Is an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN)?
An ITIN is a nine-digit personal tax processing number. The IRS assigns it to individuals who need tax identification.
You qualify for an ITIN if you cannot obtain a Social Security Number. Many foreign nationals and undocumented immigrants use ITINs to file taxes.
How Do I Get an ITIN?
Complete IRS Form W-7 to apply for an ITIN. You need documentation proving your foreign or immigrant status.
Bring identification documents to an IRS walk-in office. Authorized Acceptance Agents can also process your application.
Important: You cannot claim earned income credit with an ITIN.
Other Tax Identification Numbers
Several additional tax ID types exist for specific situations. Each serves a unique taxpayer group.
Social Security Number (SSN)
A Social Security number identifies individual U.S. citizens and residents. The Social Security Administration issues SSNs.
SSNs follow a nine-digit format: xxx-xx-xxxx. File Form SS-5 to apply for a Social Security card.
Your local Social Security office can assist with applications.
Adoption Taxpayer Identification Number (ATIN)
An ATIN helps adopters claim dependents during pending adoptions. The IRS issues these temporary nine-digit numbers.
You qualify if you’re legally adopting a U.S. citizen or resident child. Use the ATIN when filing tax returns before finalization.
Apply by filing Form W-7A with the IRS.
Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN)
Paid tax preparers need a PTIN for their work. Add your PTIN to every tax return you prepare.
Apply for a new PTIN through the IRS sign-up system. The process is straightforward for qualified professionals.
Choosing the Right Tax ID Number
Your situation determines which tax ID you need. Businesses require EINs for operations and compliance.
Individuals without SSN eligibility should apply for ITINs. Foreign nationals and undocumented immigrants commonly use this option.
Understanding these differences prevents filing errors. You maintain proper tax compliance with the correct identification.