California Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act Guide

By Talk About Debt Team
Reviewed by Ben Jackson
Last Updated: February 16, 2026
6 min read
The Bottom Line

California's Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act provides stronger protections than federal law, requiring collectors to disclose expired statutes of limitations and follow strict venue rules. Proposed amendments would extend these safeguards to small businesses facing aggressive collection tactics.

Answer Your Lawsuit

Debt collectors don’t always play fair. You need protection from deceptive tactics and harassment. California offers strong safeguards beyond federal law through the Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.

The state continues to strengthen these protections. SB-1286 would extend coverage to small businesses facing aggressive collection efforts.

Facing a Debt Lawsuit in California?

Collectors must follow strict venue rules and proper service requirements. Respond to your lawsuit correctly and protect your rights under the Rosenthal Act before your court deadline.

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You deserve to know your rights. Here’s everything California residents need to understand about debt collection laws.

Current Protections Under California’s Rosenthal Act

California’s Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (RFDCPA) shields individual consumers. The law goes further than the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA).

You get additional rights that collectors must respect. These protections help level the playing field against aggressive collection tactics.

Collectors Must Disclose Expired Statutes of Limitations

Every debt has a collection deadline. After the statute of limitations expires, collectors lose their legal right to sue.

Many collectors won’t tell you this. They hope you’ll pay anyway out of fear or ignorance.

California law requires different behavior. Collectors must inform you in their first written communication after the deadline passes.

Knowledge is power. You can refuse payment on time-barred debts without legal consequences.

Required Language for Time-Barred Debt Notices

Legal jargon confuses most people. Collectors sometimes use this confusion to their advantage.

The Rosenthal Act eliminates ambiguity. Collectors must use one of two specific notices word-for-word:

“The law limits how long you can be sued on a debt. Because of the age of your debt, we will not sue you for it, and we will not report it to any credit reporting agency.”

Or:

“The law limits how long you can be sued on a debt. Because of the age of your debt, we will not sue you for it. If you do not pay the debt, [insert name of debt collector] may [continue to] report it to the credit reporting agencies as unpaid for as long as the law permits this reporting.”

Clear language protects consumers. You’ll understand exactly where you stand with expired debts.

Collectors cannot sue or start arbitration on time-barred debts. Doing so violates California law.

Strict Venue Requirements for Debt Lawsuits

Collectors must respect proper legal procedures. California adds specific venue restrictions beyond federal requirements.

If a collector sues you, they can only file in certain counties:

  • The county where you currently live
  • The county where you lived when incurring the debt
  • The county where you actually incurred the debt

Proper service is mandatory. Collectors must legally serve you with lawsuit papers.

Default judgments obtained without proper service are unenforceable. The collector cannot legally collect if you weren’t properly notified.

If you’re facing a debt lawsuit in California, our partner Solo can help you respond properly and protect your rights.

Proposed Expansions Under SB-1286

California lawmakers want to extend protections to small businesses. Senate Bill 1286 would significantly expand the Rosenthal Act’s coverage.

Individual consumer protections would remain unchanged. The amendment focuses on adding business protections.

Clear Definition of Protected Small Businesses

SB-1286 eliminates confusion about which businesses qualify for protection. The bill establishes five clear criteria.

Your business must meet all requirements:

  • Independently owned and operated
  • Not dominant in its industry
  • Main office and executives located in California
  • 100 employees or fewer (including affiliates)
  • Average annual gross receipts of $15 million or less over three years

The law also defines “small business credit transaction.” These are transactions where businesses obtain services, funding, or property on credit.

Business credit cards qualify. Equipment financing qualifies. Any credit extended for business purposes falls under protection.

Identity Theft Protections

Business identity theft causes devastating financial damage. Thieves open fraudulent accounts using your business name and information.

SB-1286 addresses this growing problem. You can stop collection efforts by providing identity theft evidence.

Collectors must cease activity once you submit proper documentation. Continued collection attempts violate the law.

Prohibition Against Misrepresentation and Harassment

Collectors must provide accurate debt information. Threats and harassment are prohibited.

Small business owners deserve the same respect as individual consumers. SB-1286 extends these protections to qualifying businesses.

How to Report Rosenthal Act Violations

Collectors who violate the law must face consequences. You have multiple options for reporting violations.

File With the California Attorney General

The California Attorney General’s office handles consumer complaints. You can file online against collectors operating in California.

Provide detailed information about the violation. Include dates, communications, and specific actions the collector took.

Submit a Federal Trade Commission Complaint

The FTC enforces the federal FDCPA. They also track patterns of abusive collection practices.

Your complaint helps regulators identify problematic collectors. Multiple complaints against one company trigger investigations.

Contact the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

The CFPB cannot sue collectors on your behalf. However, they often resolve issues through company outreach.

Most companies respond to CFPB complaints within 15 days. The bureau’s involvement frequently motivates collectors to correct violations.

Hire a Consumer Rights Attorney

Serious violations may warrant legal action. Attorneys can sue collectors for damages under the Rosenthal Act.

You may recover actual damages, statutory damages, and attorney fees. Collectors face financial consequences for breaking the law.

California has additional debt collection laws beyond the Rosenthal Act. Multiple statutes protect you from unfair practices.

Example: How CFPB Intervention Stops Illegal Collection

Robert owns a small business called Robert’s Car Wash. Identity thieves opened a fraudulent loan using his business name.

Rude Collections Inc. begins aggressive collection efforts. Robert sends documentation proving the identity theft occurred.

The collector ignores the evidence. They continue calling and sending threatening letters.

Robert files a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. He submits the same identity theft documentation.

The CFPB contacts Rude Collections Inc. directly. Within two weeks, the collector agrees to drop the debt entirely.

Regulatory oversight works. Collectors respond when federal agencies get involved.

California Leads on Consumer Protection

California continues strengthening safeguards against predatory collection practices. The state recognizes that federal law doesn’t go far enough.

Small business owners face unique financial pressures. SB-1286 acknowledges these challenges and offers protection.

You have rights whether you’re an individual or business owner. Collectors must follow strict rules when pursuing debts in California.

Know your protections. Document violations. Report illegal practices to appropriate authorities.

California law stands behind you against abusive collectors. Take advantage of these strong consumer protections.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the California Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act?

The Rosenthal Act is a California law that protects consumers from abusive debt collection practices. It provides stronger protections than federal law, including requirements that collectors disclose expired statutes of limitations and restrictions on where collectors can file lawsuits against you.

How do I report a debt collector who violates the Rosenthal Act?

You can file complaints with the California Attorney General, the Federal Trade Commission, or the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. You can also hire a consumer rights attorney to sue the collector for damages. The CFPB typically gets responses from collectors within 15 days.

Can a debt collector sue me in California after the statute of limitations expires?

No. Once the statute of limitations expires, collectors cannot sue you or start arbitration. They must inform you in their first written communication after expiration using specific language required by law. Any lawsuit filed on time-barred debt violates California law.

What counties can a debt collector sue me in under California law?

Collectors can only file lawsuits in three specific counties: where you currently live, where you lived when you incurred the debt, or where you actually incurred the debt. Filing in any other county violates the Rosenthal Act's venue requirements.

Would SB-1286 change protections for individual consumers?

No. SB-1286 would not change existing consumer protections under the Rosenthal Act. The amendment would extend similar protections to qualifying small businesses with 100 or fewer employees and annual gross receipts of $15 million or less.